Glycerol Epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin
CAS: 106-89-8
Molecular Formula: C3H5ClO
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Names and Identifiers
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H5ClO |
| Molar Mass | 92.52 |
| Density | 1.183g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | -57 °C |
| Boling Point | 115-117°C(lit.) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | -1～+1°(D/20℃)(c=1,CH3OH) |
| Flash Point | 93°F |
| Water Solubility | 6 g/100 mL (10 ºC) |
| Solubility | 65.9g/l |
| Vapor Presure | 13.8 mm Hg ( 21.1 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 3.2 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 1.183 (20/4℃) |
| Color | APHA: ≤20 |
| Odor | Pungent, garlic; sweet, pungent; like chloroform. |
| Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA(skin) 8 mg/m3(2 ppm) (ACGIH);STEL (15 min) 19 mg/m3(5 ppm) (NIOSH). |
| Merck | 14,3611 |
| BRN | 79785 |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Stability | Stability Unstable. Flammable - note wide explosion limits and low flash point. Vapours may flow along surfaces to source of ignition. Contact with strong oxidisers may lead to fire. Incompatible with |
| Explosive Limit | 3.8-21%(V) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.438(lit.) |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Volatile, unstable, colorless oily liquid with chloroform-like odor. boiling point 116.11 ℃ freezing point -57.2 ℃ relative density 1.18066g/cm3 refractive index 1.4382 flash point 40.6 ℃ solubility and most organic compounds solvent miscibility, slightly soluble in water. |
| Use | Used as a raw material for organic synthesis, but also as a solvent, plasticizer, surfactant, etc |
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | T - Toxic |
| Risk Codes | R45 - May cause cancer R10 - Flammable R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R34 - Causes burns R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact |
| Safety Description | S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) |
| UN IDs | UN 2023 6.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | TX4900000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2910 30 00 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 0.09 g/kg (Smyth, Carpenter) |
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Upstream Downstream Industry
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
A volatile, unstable, colorless oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Toxic. Miscible with most organic solvents, slightly soluble in water. Density 18066g/crr13. Boiling point 116. 11 °c. Freezing point -57.2 °c. Vapor pressure (20 °c) 1.666kPa. Viscosity (28 ℃)
1. 03mPa -s. Refractive index 4382. Flash point (Open Cup) 40.6 °c. Spontaneous ignition point 415.6. The upper limit of combustion limit (vol%) in air is 21.o, and the lower limit is 3.8.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
propylene and chlorine are chlorinated at high temperature to obtain allyl chloride, followed by hypochlorous acid, cyclization, rectification and other processes to obtain epichlorohydrin.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:15:32
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Application
Open Data Verified Data
The main raw materials for the synthesis of glycerol, epoxy resin, nitroglycerin explosive, glass fiber reinforced plastic, electrical insulation products. It is used as a solvent for cellulose esters, resins and cellulose ethers, and is also a raw material for producing plasticizers, stabilizers, surfactants and chloroprene rubber.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- highly toxic, can be absorbed by the skin, stimulate the skin and mucous membranes. At higher concentrations, there is an anesthetic effect. Poisoning, there are eyes tingling, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, tears, Cough, fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders, Nausea and other symptoms. Severe poisoning, can cause symptoms of anesthesia, and even cause lung, liver, kidney damage. Human body inhaled MLC20 × 10 -6. Rat oral LD50 90mg/kg. Maximum allowable concentration in air l8mg/m3. Production equipment should be sealed, air should be circulated, and operators should wear protective equipment. In addition, Epichlorohydrin has a strong tendency to self-polymerize and should not be heated in an open flame to prevent the container from bursting. When used as a reagent for the reaction, it is preferable to dilute it with an inert solvent and add it slowly.
- because ferric chloride or tin chloride, etc. can promote the occurrence of Epichlorohydrin self-polymerization reaction, it is preferable to store in a dry and clean galvanized iron drum, 200kg per barrel. Store in a cool, ventilated, dry place, away from fire and heat sources. The flammable and toxic substances shall be stored and transported according to the regulations.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:15:32
Glycerol Epichlorohydrin - Reference Information
| freezing point | -57.2 ℃ |
| Henry's Law Constant | 3.42(x 10-5 atm?m3/mol) at 25 °C (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998) |
| LogP | 0.45 at 20℃ |
| (IARC) carcinogen classification | 2A (Vol. 11, Sup 7, 71) 1999 |
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| overview | epichlorohydrin is a colorless oily liquid with irritating odors such as ether and chloroform, flammable, volatile, toxic and narcotic. The relative density is 1.1812, the melting point is -25.6 ℃, and the boiling point is 117.9 ℃. It is miscible with many organic solvents such as ethanol, propanol, ether, chloroform, acetone, trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride. It is easily soluble in benzene and slightly soluble in water. Because the molecular structure contains active chlorine atoms and epoxy groups, it is chemically active. When hydrolysis, α-chloroglycerin is first generated, and then glycerin is generated. It can undergo a ring-opening reaction, which can produce propylene glycol and glycerol; it can react with alcohol and phenol to form ether; it can react with amines to form glycidylamine; it can react with carboxylic acid to form ester; it can self-polymerate; and Aldehydes (or ketones) can react to produce dioxacene. The main use of epichlorohydrin is to make bisphenol A glycidyl ether. That is, epichlorohydrin is condensed with bisphenol A in the presence of caustic soda to form bisphenol A chloroalcohol ether, and then its hydrogen chloride is removed with caustic soda to obtain bisphenol A glycidyl ether. Epichlorohydrin is mainly used to synthesize glycerin and epoxy resin, and can also be used to make epoxy resin, chlorohydrin rubber, nitroglycerin explosive, glass fiber reinforced plastic, pesticide, medicine, surfactant, coating, adhesive, plasticizer, reinforced plastic and electrical insulation products, etc. It can also be used as a solvent for paints, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers and resins. |
| toxicity | epichlorohydrin is a highly toxic epoxy compound. Murine oral LD50238mg/kg (body weight), rat 90~210 mg/kg (body weight), guinea pig 178 mg/kg (body weight). Inhaled for 4 hours, LC50 was 1.89g/m3 in rats and 2.12g/m3. Rat percutaneous LD50590mg/kg (body weight). It has a strong stimulating effect and sensitization effect, which can cause eye and skin irritation symptoms. In severe cases, pulmonary edema and liver and kidney damage can occur. Long-term exposure can cause toxic neurasthenia syndrome. Mouse smear caused skin tumor, subcutaneous injection caused local sarcoma; rat inhalation caused nasal cancer. A variety of mutagenic tests showed positive results. The International Cancer Institute (IARC) is listed as a suspected carcinogenic chemical in humans (insufficient evidence). China stipulates that the maximum allowable concentration in the air of the workshop is 1mg/m3. |
| epichlorohydrin rubber | epichlorohydrin rubber, also known as chlorohydrin rubber, is a rubber-like elastomer prepared by ring-opening polymerization of epichlorohydrin. It was successfully developed in the 2060s and its performance is better than that of nitrile, chloroprene and butyl rubber. It has excellent ozone resistance, oil resistance, heat resistance, aging resistance and solvent resistance. And has flame retardancy. Because in the molecular structure, there are ether bonds in the main chain, and chloromethyl on the branch chain, that is, there are no double bonds on the main chain, and the branch chain has polar groups, so it has the above-mentioned excellent properties. The ether bond of the main chain gives heat resistance, and the polar base of the branch chain gives oil resistance and excellent air tightness. Good adhesion to metal. But chloromethyl has poor cold resistance. This product is vulcanized at chloromethyl. Vulcanizing agents usually use thiamine and thiourea. If 2,4, 6-trimercapto triazine is combined with magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate, the vulcanization effect is better. Its disadvantages are poor processability and low physical strength. Mainly used in the production of oil-resistant hoses, protective covers, shockproof rubber, sealing gaskets, diaphragms, can lining, printing parts (rubber rollers), oil tank seals, cable cladding and adhesives. |
| poisoning | epichlorohydrin mainly enters the human body through the respiratory tract and can also be absorbed through the skin. It has strong stimulating and sensitizing effects, and has mild anesthesia and protoplasmic toxic effects. High concentrations of liquid and vapor have a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, which can cause eye pain, lacrimation, dry throat, cough, asthmatic bronchitis, and liver and kidney damage. Severe patients can cause mucosal necrosis and shedding tracheitis, Bronchitis, pulmonary edema and acute kidney damage. Fluid contaminates the skin, causing burns, bullae formation and eczema. Long-term inhalation of low-concentration vapor can cause limb muscle soreness, gastrocnemius tenderness, leg weakness, general fatigue and dizziness, insomnia, dreaminess, etc. In severe cases, polyneuritis may occur. For symptomatic treatment, the skin should be washed with clear water immediately after contact with liquid. Burned skin can be treated according to chemical burns. |
| protective measures | the production site should be ventilated and the production equipment should be airtight. Operators should wear rubber protective clothing and goggles to prevent skin and eyes from contacting them. Epichlorohydrin can penetrate rubber, therefore, contaminated protective clothing should be thoroughly cleaned. If the permeable work clothes are wet or contaminated, they should be removed immediately. Safety signal indicators, flushing equipment and eye washers shall be prepared at the operation site. |
| determination method | determination in air: adsorption with activated carbon, CS2 treatment, gas chromatography analysis. |
| Uses | Mainly used to prepare glycerol, epoxy resin, chlorol rubber, polyether polyol, it is an important raw material for the production of glycerol and glycidyl derivatives, and is also used as a solvent Used as an organic solvent Epichlorohydrin is an intermediate of the rodenticide murine, and is also an intermediate of epoxy resin, synthetic glycerol and other chemical products. Epichlorohydrin is an intermediate in the synthesis of glycerin, and is also the main raw material for epoxy resin, nitroglycerin explosive, glass fiber reinforced plastic, and electrical insulation products. And used as a mixture of cellulose ester, resin and cellulose ether. It is also a raw material for the production of surfactants, medicines, pesticides, coatings, adhesives, ion exchange resins, plasticizers, glycerol derivatives, glycidyl derivatives and chlorol rubber. All kinds of epoxy resins made from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A have the characteristics of high adhesion, small shrinkage, chemical corrosion resistance and good stability, and are widely used as coatings, adhesives, reinforcing materials and casting materials. Chlorohydrin rubber produced from epichlorohydrin is a new variety of rubber, which is not easy to expand in general oil and common solvent, has greater flexibility in the presence of low temperature without plasticizer, and has some unique functions better than nitrile, chloroprene and butyl rubber. used as a raw material for organic synthesis, and also used as a solvent, plasticizer, surfactant, etc. as a raw material for organic synthesis; also used as a solvent, plasticizer, and surfactant. To be used in the preparation of glycerin, epoxy resin, chlorol rubber, polyether polyol, is an important raw material for the production of glycerin and glycidyl derivatives. Raw materials for organic synthesis; organic solvents (solvents for resins, gums, cellulose ethers, etc.); also used as plasticizers, surfactants, etc. |
| production method | industry is mainly prepared by propylene chloride method. Propylene and chlorine are chlorinated at high temperature to obtain allyl chlorine, and then hypochlorinated to produce dichloropropanol, and then saponified to produce epichlorohydrin. Raw material consumption quota: propylene (100%)640 kg/t, sodium hydroxide (100%)150 kg/t, chlorine 2070 kg/t, by-product D-D mixture 140 kg/t, calcium hydroxide (100%)1020 kg/t. the preparation method is based on propylene as raw material, chlorinated at 500 ℃ to produce chloropropene, chloropropene at 25~35 ℃, reaction with hypochlorous acid, 2, 3-dichloropropanol and 1, 2-dichloropropanol, and then the mixture is added to 20% lime milk for saponification, the reaction temperature is 45~55 ℃, and epichloropropane is obtained. |
| category | flammable liquid |
| toxicity classification | highly toxic |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 90 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 195 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | skin-rabbit 10 mg/24 hours; Eyes-rabbit 100 mg/24 hours moderate |
| explosive hazard characteristics | blastable when mixed with air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | it is more flammable when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, and oxidants; combustion produces toxic chloride fumes |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation and low temperature drying; Store separately from oxidants and acids |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam, 1211 fire extinguishing agent |
| occupational standard | TWA 10 mg/m3; STEL 20 mg/m3 |
| auto-ignition temperature | 779 °F |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
| immediate life-threatening and health concentration | 75 ppm |
Last Update：2024-04-19 09:49:21
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View History
Raw Materials for Glycerol Epichlorohydrin
Downstream Products for Glycerol Epichlorohydrin
3-Amino-1,2-propanediol
(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride S.
L-Carnitine-L-Tartrate
(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride S.
L-Carnitine-L-Tartrate